Biohazards are known to be the greatest threat to humankind. Here are some important facts you need to know about biohazards. The risk and extent of exposure to biological materials/ hazards depend on the industry and workplace. Exposure to biological hazards is can be widespread and is not always obvious.
Hence it is important to have a good understanding of what constitutes a biohazard material as well as the different categories of hazardous waste. This allows you to take the right actions to protect your health and property.
What is a biological hazard?
A biological hazard or biohazard, refers to any biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living organisms – humans or animals.
Exposure to biohazards can cause a variety of effects ranging from skin irritation and allergies to infections (e.g., tuberculosis, AIDS), cancer, etc.
What are the sources of biological hazards?
Sources of biological hazards may include bacteria, viruses, insects, plants, birds, animals, and humans.
What are the categories of biohazard waste materials?
They are categorized into broad groups based on the source of potential transmission.
Solid and liquid biohazardous waste
Human bodily matter and blood products which includes blood and other body fluids, tissues, vomit, urine, faeces, semen, saliva and breast milk etc, These may contain viral or bacterial infection.
Animal products including raw and cooked meat, offal, skins, bones, blood, milk and eggs
Microbiological waste
Laboratory cultures like animal and human tissue cultures, bacterial and cell cultures waste, biopsy materials.
Pathological waste
Refers to human or animal organs, tissues, and body parts that have been removed or from medical procedures or autopsies.
Animals/birds, their wastes and carcasses
Live animals and birds, or any material used by that them which may be infected. Their wastes include urine and droppings/faeces. Carcasses and body parts tend to get contaminated with infectious agents or parasites.
Sharps waste and rubbish
Needles, blades, syringes, scalpels, microscope slides, and broken glass tubes. These dangerous items can penetrate the skin and allow toxins from the biohazard materials to enter the bloodstream.
Biohazard Safety Levels
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, USA, there are 4 levels of biohazards. Each level has specific controls for containment of microbes and biological agents and requires specific laboratory practices, safety equipment and facility construction. The bio safety levels range from BSL-1 (low-risk microbes) to BSL-4 (high-risk microbes).
Biohazard Level 1
The viruses in this level are not very dangerous and usually only cause mild sickness. Precautions against the biohazardous materials are minimal, mostly involving washing hands with soap, wearing gloves and some sort of facial protection, and putting waste materials in specially-marked bins. Some of the bacteria and viruses include canine hepatitis, E-coli, Bacillus subtilis, chicken pox.
Biohazard Level 2
The microbes like Staphylococcus aureus in this level pose moderate to severe hazards to laboratories and the environment. Diseases associated with this level are of varying severity such as Hepatitis, influenza A, salmonella, mumps, measles, dengue fever, HIV. Access to the laboratory should be restricted and appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn
Biosafety Level 3
The microbes are airborne and can cause severe to fatal disease in humans like SARS and yellow fever, tuberculosis and malaria. However, vaccines or other treatments do exist for these diseases. Access to these areas should be restricted and controlled at all times with persons there being kept under medical surveillance and might receive immunizations.
Biosafety Level 4
It is the highest level of biological safety as these microbes are dangerous and exotic. They cause diseases that are frequently fatal to humans. Treatment or vaccines are usually not available for such diseases like Ebola and Marburg viruses, smallpox. Here, the use of a positive pressure personnel suit, with a segregated air supply, is mandatory. Areas dealing with this has to be in a separate building or isolated and restricted zones. There are strict decontamination procedures before and after entering such areas
If you are facing a biohazard situation, call us at Bio Cleanse Services 0427 411 789. Our trained professionals eliminate the biohazardous substances and dispose them properly. They are equipped with necessary safety apparatus and cleaning products, to decontaminate the area and help turn your property into a clean & safe place.
